Electricity access is a key aspect of achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7. Alleviating poverty by increasing the availability of grid connections, system reliability and generation capacity is a key driver of economic growth.

This two-part chapter examines first the benefits of electricity access provision for developing countries, and then focuses on the challenges through examination of the case of Mozambique – a low income, high resource abundance nation that is undergoing rapid electrification. Recommendations for policy, technology implementation and development practice are discussed throughout.